Ikigo cy’u Rwanda cyita ku Buzima (RBC), mu mpera z’uku kwezi kwa cumi na kabiri kirateganya gushyira ahagaragara umuti uterwa mu rushinge ukarinda umuntu kwandura virusi itera SIDA, muri gahunda isanzwe ya RBC yo kurwanya icyorezo cya SIDA.
Iyo miti, izwi nka Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), ikoze mu buryo ifasha umubiri gukumira ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. By’umwihariko, ikoreshwa nk’imiti isanzweho igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ariko noneho igafatwa n’abantu badafite ubwandu kugira ngo ibagabanyirize ibyago byo kwandura iyo virusi.
Uwo muti Guverinoma iteganya gukwirakwiza mu gihugu hose, ni umuti umara igihe kirekire ukora akazi mu mubiri wo mu bwoko bwa CAB-LA, uterwa mu mikaya ugafasha umubiri kwirinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Inshinge ebyiri za mbere zifatwa mu byumweru bine bitandukanye, zigakurikirwa n’urushinge rumwe buri mezi abiri.
Mu kiganiro cyihariye yagiranye n’ikinyamakuru The New Times, Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe gukumira virusi itera SIDA muri RBC, Dr Basile Ikuzo, yavuze ko ibigo nderabuzima n’ibitaro byose byo mu gihugu bitanga serivisi zo gukumira virusi itera SIDA ku buntu, hakaba n’ibigo nderabuzima bimwe na bimwe byigenga bitanga iyo serivisi ku buntu.
Dr Ikuzo yasobanuye ko uwo muti uzabanza gutangwa mu igerageza ku bigo nderabuzima bibiri, mbere yo gukwirakwizwa mu gihugu hose.
Mu gihe Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yitegura kuwukwirakwiza hose, dore ibintu by’ingenzi byo kumenya kuri uwo muti n’uburyo bizakorwa.
1. Wemewe na OMS/WHO mu 2022
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS/WHO ryasohoye amabwiriza y’ikoreshwa ry’umuti wa CAB-LA mu 2022 mu gukumira ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. WHO kandi yashishikarije ibihugu kutirengagiza aya mahirwe yagenewe abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura SIDA.
Ayo mabwiriza agamije gushyigikira ibihugu biteganya gutanga umuti wa CAB-LA mu rwego rwo kurushaho gukumira virusi itera SIDA no koroshya ubushakashatsi bukenewe gukorwa byihutirwa.
Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe kurwanya SIDA muri WHO, Dr Meg Doherty, yavuze ko umuti wa CAB-LA ari uburyo bwizewe kandi bwitezweho gutanga umusaruro mu kwirinda virusi itera SIDA, ariko ukaba utaratangira kugeragezwa hanze y’ubushakashatsi.
2. Gukemura ikibazo cyo kutitabira imiti inyuzwa mu kanwa
Dr Basile Ikuzo wa RBC ati “twasanze hari ibibazo byo kutitabira imiti inyuzwa mu kanwa, tukaba twizeye ko umuti uterwa mu rushinge ushobora kuba igisubizo, turateganya gutangira igerageza mu bigo nderabuzima bibiri kugira ngo tugenzure uko abantu bazawitabira bityo tumenye niba dushobora kuwukoresha nk’igisubizo gishya. Nitubona ubwitabire buri hejuru, tuzawugeza mu gihugu hose.”
Umuti wa CAB-LA, ufatwa ari umwe rimwe mu mezi abiri, bitandukanye no gufata ibinini bya buri munsi ahubwo umuntu agaterwa urushinge rumwe mu mezi abiri.
3. Kwibanda ku bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura nk’abicuruza
Imiti yongerera umubiri ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA, irareba cyane cyane ibyiciro by’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura nk’uko byemezwa na Dr Ikuzo, kandi ngo izatangira kugezwa mu gihugu hose mu Kuboza 2024 cyangwa muri Mutarama 2025.
RBC ivuga ko imiti ya mbere yamaze kugezwa mu gihugu, amatsinda y’abahuguriwe gutera inshinge na yo ariteguye. Abantu bazajya batererwa urushinge ku bigo nderabuzima bajye basubirayo nyuma y’amezi abiri kwiteza urundi.
Ibinini bigabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA bimaze imyaka myinshi bikoreshwa mu Rwanda, ahabarirwa byibuze 30% by’abantu bari mu byiciro bifite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara bari ku miti. Mu gihugu hose hari abantu 10,000 bafata ibyo binini.
Nk’uko byemezwa na Dr Ikuzo ukuriye ishami rishinzwe kurwanya SIDA muri RBC, gutanga ibyo binini byatumye habaho kugabanuka k’ubwandu bushya bwa virusi itera SIDA mu byiciro by’abafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Urugero, nko mu bakora akazi ko kwigurisha, umubare w’ubwandu wavuye kuri 45% mu myaka hafi 10 ishize, ubu ukaba uri kuri 35%.
Ku isi hose ubwandu bushya bwa virusi itera SIDA bwari kuri miliyoni 1.3 mu 2023.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu Rwanda ku baturage bushingiye ku bwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (RPHIA) mu 2019, bwerekanye ko ubwandu bw’iyo virusi mu Banyarwanda bafite kuva ku myaka 15-64 buri kuri 3%.
