Kuva Misiri yabaho kugeza n’ikindi gihe mu mateka yayo, abantu bazamera nk’umwami Ramses II ni mbarwa. Yari umuhanga mu bwubatsi, akaba umugaba w’ingabo w’integeranywa, mbese icyo yakoraga cyose cyaramuhiraga bitarabaho.
Ni umwe mu bami bategetse Misiri mu gisekuru cya 19 cy’abami bategetse Misiri.
Mu bategetsi kiriya gihugu muri biriya bihe ntawigeze amurya n’isataburenge.
Mu buhangange bwe bwose n’ikuzo yari afite, yaje kubigiriramo n’umugisha arabyara kandi abyara benshi k’uburyo ibitabo bimwe bivuga ko yari afite ABANA 100.
Abanyarwanda baca umugani ngo ‘utazize inarashatse, azira inarabyaye’
Mbere y’uko tureba uko byagendekeye uyu mwami wari igitangaza mu gihe cye, ni ngombwa kubanza kumumenya mu bwana no mu mabyiruka ye.
Ramses II yari nde?
Uyu muntu yakuriye mu muryango watuye mu Misiri ariko atari ho ukomoka. Ababyeyi be baje gutura mu Misiri baturutse mu Majyaruguru y’Uruzi rwa Nili.
Bamaze kugera mu Misiri barahakoreye bajya no mu ngabo. Mu mabyiruka ye yaje kwiga ubukorikori, aramenyekana kubera ibihangano yaremaga.
Amaze kujya k’ubutegetsi yakomeje gukorana n’abahanga bo mu Misiri n’abandi iki gihugu cyatwaragaho umunyago ku rugamba, bagakora ibintu by’ubugeni by’akataraboneka.
Inzu yubakaga yose, cyangwa inzu z’imitemeri(pyramids) zubakwaga kugira ngo zibe imva z’abami, byose Ramses II yakoraga uko ashoboye bikaba byubatse neza k’ubuhanga butari bufitwe n’abandi bantu bo mu gihe cye.
Uwabibonaga wese yabazaga niba ari umuntu usanzwe wabyubatse cyangwa niba ari Imana mu bantu ibikora.
Abahanga b’ahandi barahururaga bakaza kwihera amaso ibyo bitangaza (n’ubu bikiriho) byabatswe mu Misiri.
Uyu mwami kandi yararambye cyane k’uburyo yapfuye afite imyaka 90 kandi imyaka 70 yose yayimaze ategeka bya cyami.
Abahanga mu mateka ya Misiri (kuko agira umwihariko wayo) bavuga ko ibyo Ramses II yakoze babinyeshejwe n’uko kuri buri nzu cyangwa ikindi yakoraga, yashyiraho inyandiko zinditswe nk’udusumari bita Cuneiform akavuga ibigwi by’ibyo yagezeho.
Ku rundi ruhande, abahanga barakibaza umubare nyawo w’abagore yashatse n’abana babyaranye!
Abami bategetse mu gisekuru cya 18 bemeraga ko bakomoka ku mana, ko ba Nyina ari abantu basanzwe ariko bashakanye n’imana yitwa Amun-Re.
Babiri muri abo bami bazwi cyane muri abo bami babyemeraga batyo ni Hatshepsut na Amenhotep III.
Kubera ko Ramses II we atakomokaga mu muryango wa cyami, ntiyari buvuge ko Se ari imana, Nyina akaba umuntu nk’uko abo tumaze kuvuga babyibwiraga.
Sekuru yitwaga Paramessu akaba umujyanama mu bwami bw’umwami witwaga Horemheb.
Uyu mujyanama abo mu bihugu by’Abisilamu babita Vizier.
Paramessu yaje gusimbura Horemheb ku butegetsi afata izina rya Ramses I.
Yategetse igihe gito asimburwa na Seti I.
Seti I ari nawe Se wa Ramses II niwe abahanga benshi bemeza ko yatangije igisekuru 19 cy’abami ba Misiri.
Abagore n’abana batabarika…
Kimwe mu bintu abahanga bavuga ko gitangaje kuri Ramses II ni ubwinshi bw’abagore n’abana yari afite.
Kubera gukunda abagore kandi akaba yari afite benshi hari n’ubwo yaryamanaga n’abakobwa be atamenye ko ari abana be kuko bose babaga ibwami.
Ramses II yararambye k’uburyo hari bamwe mu bana be bapfuye mbere.
Mu bagore benshi yari afite ariko, hari babiri yari yaragize inkundwakazi.
Abo ni Nefertari na Isetnofret,.
Nefertari yari azwi cyane kurusha Isetnofret.
Ubwo yari akiri umwana atozwa na Se Seti I ibyo gutegeka, Ramses II yahawe inzu yagombaga guturamo yari iri hafi y’umugezi wa Nili.
Niyo bivugwa ko yarongoreyemo umugore wa mbere Nefertari, akaba yari umugore mwiza, w’ikimero.
Ubwo Ramses II yimaga ingoma, Nefertari yari ahari arabyishimira cyane.
Si ubwiza gusa uriya mugore yari afite ahubwo yagira n’ubuhanga mu kunga abantu kubera ko yigeze kunga umugabo we n’abarwanyi b’aba Hittites nyuma y’intambara yari imaze imyaka ica ibintu hagati yabo.
Iyi ntambara yahagaritswe mu mwaka wa 1274 mbere ya Yezu Kristu.
Ubutwari n’ubwiza bya Nefertari byatumye akundwa na Ramses II cyane k’uburyo ubwo yuzuzaga ingoro nshya yiswe ingoro ya Abu Simbel, yashushanyije Nefertari ku rukuta aho yari ari kumwe na Nyina witwaga Tuya.
Mu Majyaruguru ya Misiri, umwami Ramses II yahacukuje imva mu ibuye ashyiraho ishusho ya Nefertari
Hagati aho, abantu bibaza niba wa mugore wundi witwaga Isetnofret yaba yari yaribagiranye mu bitekerezo bya Ramses II.
Nta hantu henshi wari busange amazina cyangwa ishusho bye keretse hake gusa yagaragaye ari kumwe n’abana.
Nefertari yaje gupfa amaze imyaka 26 abana na Ramses II.
N’ubwo yari afite abana babarirwa mu 100, abakunze kugaragara cyane ni abo yabyaranye na Nefertari na Isetnofret.
Abana be babiri nibo bamamaye kurusha abandi. Abo ni Amenherkhepshef na Khaemwaset.
Khaemwaset niwe yikundiraga cyane. Yamukundiraga ubuhanga yagiraga mu kubaka no gusana ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu byo Se yabaga yarubatse.
Umukobwa wa Ramses II wari umutoni ni uwitwaga Bintanath. Abanyamateka ntibemeranya kuri Nyina hagati ya ba bagore bombi Ramse II yari yaragize inkundwakazi.
Kubera ko atakomokaga mu bami, kandi akaba yarategetse asa n’umwimukira, Ramses II yashyize abana be mu myanya ikomeye y’igihugu kugira ngo bajye bamufasha kuhacunga, ejo hatazagira umuhirika ku butegetsi.
Ubwo yatangaga, Ramses II yasimbuwe n’umuhungu we witwaga Merneptah. Ntiyatinzeho kuko byamaze imyaka 10 gusa ariko amaze gupfa ibintu byarahindutse.
Abana benshi ba Ramses II yari yarashyize mu nzego zitandukanye, basubiranyemo, barwanira ubutegetsi ; muri iryo tsimbaniro batumye Misiri ihinduka umuriro w’intambara mu mpande zose, ingoma ya ba Ramses II irangira ityo mu mwaka wa 1189 mbere ya Yezu Kristu.
Alphonse U.
