Guhera ku wa 1 Mutarama 2023, ubwizigame butegetswe ku mafaranga abitswa muri banki z’ubucuruzi bwasubijwe ku gipimo cya 5%, kivuye ku cya 4% cyagenderwagaho guhera ku wa 1 Mata 2020.
Ni igipimo n’ubundi cyahozeho mbere ya COVID-19, ariko cyaje kugabanywa mu rwego rwo gufasha banki kunganira inzego z’ubucuruzi zahungabanyijwe n’ingaruka z’iki cyorezo.
Kongera kuzamura iki gipimo, ni icyemezo cyafashwe n’inama ya Komite ya Politiki y’Ifaranga yateranye ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2022.
Ni kimwe mu byemezo byitezweho gufasha mu guhangana n’izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro, aho BNR ivuga ko ishishikajwe no gusubiza izamuka ry’ibiciro mu mbago ziri hagati ya 2 na 8 ku ijana mu gihe kiringaniye.
Ni icyemezo cyafatiwe rimwe no kuzamura inyungu fatizo ya BNR yagejejwe kuri 6.5%, mu gihe mu bihe bya COVID-19 yamanutse ikagera kuri 4.5%.
Umwaka wa 2022 waranzwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro riri hejuru, aho mu Ugushyingo byageze kuri 21,7%, ndetse iby’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bidasembuye byo byiyongereyeho 45,4%.
Ni nyuma yo kugabanyuka ku gipimo cya 3.4 ku ijana mu 2020, no kuzamuka ku 10.9% mu 2021 na 7.7% mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka wa 2022.
Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Politiki y’Ifaranga muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, BNR, Prof Kasai Ndahiriwe, aheruka kubwira IGIHE ko ubwo icyorezo cya Covid cyari kigeze mu Rwanda byagaragaraga ko ubwizigame butari bwiyongere, ahubwo abantu bari bukenere amafaranga batinjiza andi kubera ko ibikorwa bibyara inyungu byahungabanye.
Icyo gihe BNR ifata icyemezo cyo kuvuga ngo ubwizigame bw’amabanki bushobora kugabanyuka.
Ati “Ni nk’uko nawe ku mufuka wawe, niba hari utwo wari warazigamye watangiye kudukoraho, ukavuga uti ‘nzongera kuzigama ibintu byongeye kumera neza’, kuko byari bigoye ko umuntu cyangwa banki ifata ingamba zo kuzigama, ahubwo ni igihe cyo kureba utwo ufite ukadufata neza.”
Nyuma ya covid ngo ibintu byaje gusubira mu buryo, ubukungu burazahuka kubera ingamba zitandukanye.
Yakomeje ati “Mu gihe mu gihe cya COVID kugeza mu gice cya mbere cya 2021 amafaranga yababanaga make, ubungubu amafaranga baza kuyabitsa muri BNR. Icyo rero ni ikimenyetso ko amafaranga amaze gusubira ku kigero cyayo.”
“Noneho BNR igasaba ko ayo mafaranga yamaze kuba menshi, baza kubitsa muri BNR nta we ubibabwiye, ikavuga iti ‘noneho igihe kirageze cyo kongera gusubiza ubwo bwizigame ku gipimo kinogeye ubukungu bw’u Rwanda nk’uko byari bimeze mbere ya COVID’.”
Yakomeje ati “Icya kabiri rero harimo n’uko bifasha nabyo mu gutuma izamuka ry’ibiciro ridakomeza kwiyongera cyane, kuko niba mu mabanki amafaranga bari kuyaha abayagana, akaza akaba muri BNR, ubu ni igihe cyo kwizigama. Iyo bizigamye rero bigabanya umuvuduko w’ibiciro. Kuko uko tugana amasoko turi beshi, bizamura ibiciro. Ariko uko tuzigama turi benshi, nabyo bishobora kugabanya ibiciro.”
Iriya 5%, ibarwa ku mafaranga abagana amabanki babitsa.
Prof Kasai ati “Dufate niba mu Rwanda, abanyarwanda n’abatari abanyarwanda babitsa mu mabanki yo mu Rwanda miliyoni 100 Frw, ubwo miliyoni 5 Frw bagomba kuyazigama, banki ntiziyakoreshe yose uko yakabaye.”
“Ubwo bagombaga kuzigama miliyoni 4 Frw, ariko ubu bazajya bazigama miliyoni 5 Frw muri za miliyoni 100 Frw, ubwo ayo bagomba kuyabika ntibayakoreshe mu bikorwa bya buri munsi. Ubwo ni bwo bwizigame.”
Ntabwo imibare y’izamuka ry’ibiciro ry’Ukuboza ndetse n’iry’umwaka wa 2022 riratangazwa, ariko byitezwe ko riri hejuru ya 8% wafatwaga nk’igipimo fatizo cyo hejuru mu Rwanda, ku buryo iteganyamibare ryavugaga ko bishobora kuzamuka kuri 13.2%, nubwo bishobora kurenga.
Byitezwe ko bitewe n’imiterere y’ikirere gishobora kuba cyiza ku buhinzi, icyizere mu imanuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli no kubasha guhangana neza n’ingaruka z’intambara y’u Burusiya na Ukraine, muri uyu mwaka izamuka ry’ibiciro rishobora kudohoka.
Biteganywa ko rizaba rimaze gusubiza mu mbago BNR yifuza, itarenga 8%, mu gice cya kabiri cy’uyu mwaka.
Icyicaro gikuru cya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, mu Mujyi wa Kigali.
Turatsinze Emmanuel
