Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje gukataza ku bigendanye n’Ireme ry’Uburezi bugendanye n”ihame rigira riti “UBUREZI BUDAHEZA” bimwe mu bigo by’amashuri atandukanye mu gihugu ntibirabasha kubona ibyorohereza abafite ubumuga mu myigire yabo ya buri munsi.
Ni ibigarukwaho na bamwe mu babyeyi n’abarezi bavuga ko bashima Leta y’u Rwanda dore ko yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo abana bafite ubumuga, babashe kubona uburyo bubafasha kwigana na bagenzi babo batabufite, ku buryo babasha gukurikira amasomo neza bagatsinda.
Gusa bakavuga ko hari bimwe mu bigo by’amashuri bidafite ibikoresho biborohereza nk’Ibitabo by’abafite Ubumuga bwo kutabona “Braille”, Inzira zabigenewe bacamo, Intebe bicaramo n’ibindi.
Mu byo bamwe mu babyeyi baheraho bavuga, ni uko bakibangamiwe no kubona uburyo abana babo bafite ubumuga bagera ku ishuri, harimo ko hari nk’abafite ubumuga bukomatanyije, “ Abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, kutabona ndetse n’ubwingingo”, cyane cyane nk’abatuye mu bice by’icyaro mu misozi, ku buryo kugera aho biga bakoresheje igare ry’abafite Ubumuga bikunda kuba imbogamizi.
Icyo ababyeyi n’abarezi bavuga ku burezi budaheza
Sisiliya ni Umubyeyi wo mu Karere ka Gicumbi, Umurenge wa Bushara. Umwana we w’imyaka 14 afite ubumuga bukomatanyiije, akaba ari mu mwaka wa 2 w’amashuri abanza bitewe n’uko ubwo yatangiraga mbere, abana bamwinubiye ndetse na mwarimu amusaba kumucyura avuga ko bagenzi be bamurangarira ntibige.
Yishimira ko aho gahunda y’Uburezi budaheza itangirijwe, umwana yiga neza akaba amaze kumenya kwandika inyuguti nkeya n’imibare. Agira ati “ntibyari binyoroheye na gato kugira umwana ufite ubumuga bukomatanyije bwo kutumva, kutavuga n’ubwingingo abashe kwiga nk’abandi.
Atangira babanje kumwanga, gusa kuva gahunda y’Uburezi budaheza yatangizwa ndetse ku kigo yigaho bakaba bakorana n’umushinga ubifite mu nshingano byaramfashije cyane. Ndashima Leta yacu kuri gahunda y’Uburezi budaheza yadushyiriyeho, n’ubwo bwose binsaba kumujyana ku ishuri muhetse nkaza no kumucyura, byibura kuba yirirwana n’abandi bagakina hari icyo byamwongereyeho mu buryo bugaragara.”
Florence Mukangoboka we yigisha ku kigo cy’amashuri cya BUSHARA. Yahawe Amahugurwa agendanye no gukurikirana abana bafite ubumuga n’umwe mu mishinga ishinzwe kubarengera mu Rwanda. Avuga ko gukurikirana abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga, cyane nko mu bigo byo mucyaro ari akazi katoroshye. Gusa ngo bagerageza uko bashoboye bakabitaho bose kimwe bisunze amahugurwa bafite.
Avuga ko kugira ngo bigerweho neza abafite ubumuga bajya mu matsinda abahuriza hamwe n’abatabufite, ibyo ngo bikabafasha gusabana kandi bakarushaho gukundana.
Agira ati “Ku kigo cyacu dufite abana bafite ubumuga bagera kuri 60 harimo ab’ubworoheje n’abafite ubukomeye. Kubakurikirana bose rero bisaba ubumenyi bwihariye nk’uko bamwe twabihuguwemo.”
Avuga ko ikigorana nko ku bana bafite ubumuga bw’ingingo, bakaba bakoresha utugare baturuka mu misozi, ari uko biba ngombwa ko ababyeyi baza babahetse mu mugongo no gutaha bikagenda bityo, ibyo bikaba ngo bibera imbogamizi ababyeyi , ku uburyo ntacyo baba bakibashije gukora mu rugo kugeza kuwa gatanu wa buri cyumweru.
Amashuri ntaragira ibifasha abafite ubumuga bikwiriye
Ku birebana n’ibindi byorohereza abafite ubumuga, bikaba bitaboneka uko bikwiriye, avugamo nk’abana b’abakobwa bafite ubumuga, bakaba bageze mu gihe cyo kujya mu mihango. Bene aba bana ngo bashyirwa mu cyumba cyagenewe abakobwa, imbogamizi zikaba ari uko Cotex ziba ari nkeya kandi bikanasaba ko bazibambika bakanabakarabya, bitandukanye n’abadafite ubumuga bo bashobora gukoresha izo ku ishuri, bagera mu rugo iwabo bakabahindurira. Abafite ubumuga bo biba ngombwa ko bahabwa n’izo bajyana mu rugo, bitewe ahanini n’uko benshi muri bo bavuka mu miryango itifashije.
Ku rundi ruhande avuga ko imyumvire y’ababyeyi akenshi usanga iri hasi , bitewe no kumva ko umwana ufite ubumuga, ari ukumujyana ku ishuri gusa, abarimu bakaba aribo birwariza, ntabe yamugurira ikaramu n’amakayi rimwe na rimwe n’imyambaro y’ishuri ntayimugurire.
Ku birebana n’inzira zorohereza abafite ubumuga, avuga ko iyo bageze ku ngazi (Escalier) ubegereye hafi ngo arabaterura.Ibibaho nabyo bandikaho, avuga ko bitarakosorwa ngo byigizwe hasi ndetse n’aho bahagarara imbere, ngo ntiharabashwa gucishwa bugufi
Sr Josée Uwiringiyimana ni Umuyoobzi wa Saint FILIPPO SMALDONE, Ishuri ryigisha abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga hamwe n’abatabufite bose hamwe bagera kuri 400. Avuga ko kwakira umwana ufite ubwo bumuga bigorana cyane, kuko benshi baza nta kintu na kimwe bazi kibaho, bikaba ngombwa ko kuva mu kiburamwaka kugeza muwa 3 w’amashuri abanza, biga bonyine bakigana n’abandi bageze mu mwaka wa 4. Agira ati “ dufite abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutavuga no kutumva bagera kuri 200, ndavuga kuva mu kiburamwaka, amashuri abanza ndetse no mu myuga. Muri rusange tugerageza gushaka ibikoresho bifasha abo bana kwiga uko bikwiriye, nk’ibibaho byabugenewe, Gukoresha amashusho ya Videwo n’ayanditse, buhoro buhoro bakaba bagenda bamenyera ku buburyo mu gihe kitarambiranye, bahita bagera ku rwego nk’urwabagenzi babo badafite Ubumuga.”
Ku bigendanye n’Inzira zifasha abafite ubumuga, avuga ko ishuri ryubatswe cyera, bityo izi nzira akaba ari ntazo cyakora mu bana ngo bafite nta bumuga bw’ingingo cyangwa ubwo kutabona, ku buryo ingazi zihari bazigendaho nta nkomyi,gusa ngo habonetse ubushobozi izo nzira zashyirwaho.
Sr Josée Uwiringiyimana ashima Leta y’u Rwanda kuri gahunda y’Uburezi budaheza yashyizeho, bakaba kandi banabagenera abarimu n’ubwo bwose baza ngo ntawe uzi ururimi rw’amarenga na gato bakabiyigishiriza.Gusa na none asaba Leta gushyira imbaraga mu guhugura abarimu mu rurimi rw’amarenga, kugira ngo ibigo bibakeneye nk’icyabo bijye bibabona byoroheje.
Mu bikoresho abafite Ubumuga bakenera, avuga ko ibibaho byabugenewe bikiri bikeya kandi ko bihenda, kimwe ari miliyoni n’igice y’amafaranga y’U Rwanda, bityo asaba ko Leta ko yabibateramo inkunga.
Gahunda y’Uburezi budaheza yatanze Umusaruro ufatika
Umuhuzabikorwa w’Umuryango utari uwa Leta uharanira guteza imbere Uburezi budaheza “Chance For Childhood” Turatsinze Félicien, avuga ko muri rusange, hamaze guterwa intambwe ishimishije, mu minsi ishize bakaba ngo barashyizeho Imfashanyigisho izajya yifashishwa muri iyo gahunda.
Avuga ko basanze ari ngombwa ko mu myigishirize igezweho hagomba kubaho, impinduka mu mitekerereze n’umuco ari naho Leta yashingiye ishyiraho Gahunda y’Uburezi budaheza. Agira ati “Uburezi budaheza bugomba gutangirira mu rugo ababyeyi bakabugira ubwabo, bugashyigikirwa na buri wese ari nayo mpamvu uburezi butagomba kureba mwalimu wenyine, ababyeyi bagomba kumenya ko aribo musingi nyawo w’uburezi bw’abana babo.”
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Inama y’igihugu y’abafite Ubumuga Emmanuel Ndayisaba, avuga ko iyi gahunda yaje ari igisubizo kandi ngo imaze kugera ku musaruro ugaragara ku bana bafite ubumuga no ku babyeyi babo ugereranyije na mbere. Agira ati” muri Komisiyo mpagarariye turashima uburyo iyi gahunda iri gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’abo bireba bose byatumye umubare w’abana bafite ubumuga wiyongera mu mashuri, tukaba dufatanya n’inzego z’Uburezi nka REB kugira ngo abana babashe kubona ibikoresho n’imfashanyigisho mu bigo byo mu gihugu hose.”
Avuga ko Politiki ya Leta y’u Rwanda yo kwita ku banyeshuri bafite Ubumuga ishingiye kuguha buri mwana uburenganzira bwe mu burezi budaheza, ifasha abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga kwinjira mu mashuri bisanzwe kandi bagakomeza kwiga baherewe Uburenganzira bw’ibanze ku burezi.
Ku rundi ruhande, avuga ko u Rwanda rwashyigikiye kurushaho iyi Politiki binyuze mu nama y’igihugu y’abantu bafite ubumuga (NCPD) na Minisiteri y’Uburezi ari nayo ifasha gushyira mu bikorwa ibyifuzo by’abanyeshuri bafite Ubumuga, harimo no kubona ibikoresho byo gufasha kwiga no kwakira abanyeshuri bakomeza kwigana n’abandi
Ibarura ry’abafite Ubumuga ryakozwe mu gihugu hose mu minsi yashize, hagamijwe kumenya by’ukuri imibare y’abafite ubumuga mu byiciro bitandukanye, imibare y’agateganyo yagaragaje ko bagera kuri 544,000.
Gusa bivugwa ko hari abacikanwe Ndayisaba akaba avuga ko nabo bazabageraho mu minsi iri mbere.
Muri Raporo ya Minisiteri y’Uburezi yo muri 2024, ivuga ko mu mwaka wari wawubanjirije wa 2023, abana bari mu mashuri atandukanye bafite Ubumuga bari 40,342, benshi muri bo bakaba bari abo mu mashuri abanza.
Ni mu gihe muri 2019 abo bana bari 23,441 baje kwiyongera muri 2022 bakaba 38,937 ari nabwo muri 2024 bageze kuri 40,342 nkuko byavuzwe aruguru.
Ministeri y’Uburezi kandi ivuga ko ubwo muri 2023 biyongeraga bakaba 40,342 banganaga na 10% by’abanyeshuri bose, mu byiciro by’inshuke biyongereye ari nako mu mashuri makuru na za kaminuza ho bagabanutseho gato bava kuri 234 muri 2021/2022 basigara ari 224 muri 2022/2023.
Ikindi kivugwa ni uko mu Rwanda basanze Amashuri 3,344 ariyo afite byibura ibisabwa bigamije gufasha abafite ubumuga mu myigire yabo bingana na 63 %, mu gihe agera ku 1498 angana na 37% atarabasha kuzuza ibyo bisabwa.
Icyo Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumye ryita ku bana UNICEF rivuga ku Uburezi budaheza
UNICEF ishimangira ko gushyira abana bafite ubumuga mu mashuri yihariye, bishobora kongera akato n’ihezwa bishobora Babura uburenganzira ku Burezi kimwe n’abandi,iyi akaba ariyo mpamvu bashyigikira gahunda y’Uburezi budaheza buboneye kandi bushyira hamwe abana bose.
UNICEF ikomeza ivuga ko buri wese yungukira mu burezi budaheza kuko umwana ufite n’udafite ubumuga bigana kandi biga neza bityo muri sosiyete hakabo kudasumbana,gutanga umusaruro no kugira impuhwe.
Mu byo UNICEF isaba ko byaboneka mu mashuri, mu rwego rwo korohereza abafite ubumuga harimo kubona inyandiko izwi nka Braille, kugira abarimu babasha gukoresha ururimi rw’Amarenga n’inyubako zorohereza abamugaye kuzikoresha
Iri shami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye, kandi rivuga ko ku isi yose abana bagera kuri miliyoni 240 bafite ubumuga.
Bityo bakagaragaza ko igisobanuro cy’Uburezi budaheza bidasobanuye gushyira abafite ubumuga mu mashuri gusa, ko ari no guhindura porogaramu zigenderwaho mu mashuri kugira ngo muri rusange abanyeshuri bose baba abafite Ubumuga n’abatabufite bazibonemo, maze bose babash kwiga nta nkomyi.
UNICEF ikavuga ko Ingamba zo gushyigikira Uburezi budaheza habonerwa ibikenerwa byose bifasha abafite Ubumuga kwiga neza, hakirindwa n’icyatuma abageze mu ishuri batarivamo nk’uko byanagaragaye ko 47% by’abarigezemo barivamo mbere yo kurangiza amashuri abanza, 33% bakavira mo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’Ayisumbuye naho 27% bakavamo batarangije icyiciro cya 2 cy’amashuri yisumbuye.
Gahunda yashyizweho y’Uburezi budaheza ikomeje gutanga umusaruro ugaragara nk’uko bitangazwa n’abantu bo mu byiciro bitandukanye, baba ababyeyi, abarezi n’abayobozi.
Gusa buri wese akaba asabwa kuyigira iye hakorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo abana bafite ubumuga, barusheho kubona ibibafasha mu myigire yabo, cyane ko byagaragaye ko muri bo 42% aribo bafite byibura ubumenyi bw’ibanze bwo kumenya gusoma , kwandika no kubara.
Edouard Niyonkuru