Mu gihe intambara igiye kumara imyaka irenga ine ihanganishije ingabo za FARDC n’iz’inyeshyamba za M23, hari abatuye mu Karere ka Rubavu, bavuga ko yabasigiye ihungabana n’ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe.
Ibi ni ibivugwa n’abaturage batuye mu Murenge wa Gisenyi n’uwa Rubavu, bavuga ko mbere y’iyo ntambara, bakoreraga ubucuruzi bwabo muri RDC bahahirana nta kibazo, abana biga batikanga amasasu, imigenderanire nayo ari ntamakemwa, ubwo yateraga benshi muri bo bakaba barahuye n’ubukene, abandi bakumva amasasu avugira hirya y’umupaka, bakikanga ko yagera no mu Rwanda, bigatuma bahura n’ihahamuka ryabaviriyemo ibimenyetso bigendanye n’indwara zo mu mutwe.
Abemera gutanga amakuru muri bo, bavuga ko bagiye babura ibisubizo by’uko babyifatamo ngo bacuruze cyangwa se barangurire muri Congo ibyo bita Imari byabunguraga biturutse ku ntambara, bityo bamwe bikaba byarabaviriyemo guhinduka nk’abarwayi bitewe ahanini n’ikibazo cy’ubukene cyahise kivuka, byanabaviriyemo ihahamuka no kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’abahuye n’indwara zo mu mutwe.
Mu bihe bitandukanye, ikinyamakuru IGISABO cyavuganye n’abaturage bo mu Mirenge yavuzwe haruguru n’Abayobozi babo. Icyaje kugaragara, ni uko hafi ya bose bahuriza ku gihombo bagiye baterwa n’intambara yo hakurya y’umupaka w’u Rwanda na RDC, intambara ngo yabahombeje byinshi habonekamo n’abafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe.
Abagizweho ingaruka n’intambara ya FARDC na M23 bafite ubuhamya
Uwera Marita twahinduriye amazina ku mpamvu ze bwite, ni uwo mu Murenge wa Gienyi, Akagari ka Mbugangari, Umudugudu w’Abahuje avuga ko amaze imyaka 15 atunzwe no kujya kuzana inkweto n’imyenda muri Congo akabicuruza mu Rwanda akunguka, none ngo intambara yabaye yamusubije inyuma bimutera ihahamuka.
Agira ati “Mfite abana batandatu bari batunzwe no kubapagasiriza muri Congo, bararyaga bakiga, tukabaho neza n’umufasha wanjye. Cyakora uko mumbona nahindutse nk’umusazi kuva aho intambara ibereye muri kiriya gihugu, simbashe gusubira gukorera yo ubucuruzi bwanjye.”
Avuga ko yicaraga akibaza uko ejo yazamera akabiburira ibisubizo, bigatuma aho yicaye yivugisha yanaryama ntasinzire. Agira ati “Ntabwo byanyoroheye kuko narotaga ndi gucuruza, nkanibuka uburyo Abakongomani bajyaga batwambura ibicuruzwa iyo twaburaga icyo tubapfumbatisha.”
Ibyo Uwera avuga abihuriyeho na Musoni Théogène wo mu Murenge wa Rubavu, akagari ka Balinda, uvuga ko abana bose yabakuye mu ishuri cyane ko atakibona amikoro bitewe ahanini no kubura igishoro byatumye ata umutwe, bimuviramo kugira ibibazo by’Indwara zo mu mutwe, iyo yicaye akaba yiyumamo imisonga idakira kandi atarwaye.
Muhizi nawe ni uwo mu Murenge wa Gisenyi wahoze ku Rugerero mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, avuga ko n’ubwo bwose ageze mu myaka y’izabukuru, ariko nk’umuntu wahoze ku rugamba, amaze iminsi abona abantu bafite ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe, harimo n’abagiye bahahamurwa n’amasasu n’amagambo yavugwaga ko byanze bikunze Congo izatera u Rwanda na FDLR, bikaza guhumira ku mirari ubwo n’amasasu yaje kugwa mu Rwanda, ubwo M23 yafataga Umujyi wa Goma.
Agira ati “Iriya ntambara yasigiye benshi ibikomere by’ubwoba no kubunza imitima. Cyakora ubuyobozi turabushima ko bwagiye bubahumuriza bubabwira ko u Rwanda rurinzwe bikomeye.”
Uretse aba bavuga ko batewe ibibazo byo mu mutwe no gutakaza ubushobozi bahabwaga n’ubuconsho bacururizaga muri RDC, Rukebesha Innocent wo ku Kimisagara mu Mujyi wa Kigali, avuga ko yari amaze igihe gito afashe inguzanyo muri Banki y’Ubucuruzi ya Goma, amafaranga yose yari amaze kuyashora mu bucuruzi asanganywe bwa Pieces de Rechanges (ibikoresho bihindurwa mu modoka) intambara ituma ahungira i Kigali, arahangayika yibaza uko yazishyura iryo deni, bimuviramo ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe.
Agira ati ”Nari maze igihe narahahamutse cyakora ubu ndatuje kuko M23 yagaruye umutekano ku mupaka, ndambuka uko nshaka, nasanze ntawansahuye nkaba ndi gucuruza uko bisanzwe, bityo nkizera nta shidikanya ko nzabasha kwishyura banki y’abandi cyane ko nafunguye n’Agashami ku bucuruzi bwanjye mu Mujyi wa Kigali ku Kimisagara.”
Ni abaturage batandukanye bifuje gutangaza ibibazo n’ingaruka batewe n’intambara yahuje FARDC na M23, bose bakaba bahuriza ku kibazo cy’uko hari bamwe muri bo basigiwe ibibazo bigendanye n’indwara zo mu mutwe bitewe n’ibyo bahuye nabyo bitandukanye: Kwamburwa, gusererezwa, igihombo kitateguje.
Abajyanama b’Ubuzima n’abashinzwe Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu mavuriro n’ibitaro, bakavuga ko hari ubwo bakiraga umubare uri hejuru w’abakeneye guhumurizwa no kuganirizwa.
Ikibazo kigaragarira inzego z’ubuzima
Uwamahoro Fabien, ni Umuyobozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza mu Murenge wa Gisenyi avuga ko agereranyije no mu bihe byashize, abafite ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe ngo bariyongereye. Gusa bakaba bakora ibishoboka bagashakirwa ubufasha, bwo gusohoka muri ibyo bibazo.
Agira ati “Raporo tugenda duhabwa n’ibigo Nderabuzima n’ibitaro zigaragaza ko abo bantu bagiye biyongera cyane, aho intambara yo muri Congo ikarije umurego, bitewe ahanini no kwikanga amasasu, cyangwa se n’abatakaje amahirwe bakuraga mu bucuruzi bakoreragayo. Gusa intambara isa n’iyagabanutse ubuzima buri kugenda bugaruka urujya n’uruza rw’abajya muri RDC rwarasubukuwe.”
Avuga ko yizera adashidakanya ko kuba intambara iri kugenda igabanuka, kubera amasezerano ashyirwaho umukono n’impande zombi, nta kabuza ko urujya n’uruza rwo ku mupaka ruzasubukurwa, abantu bagakomeza gukora uko byari bisanzwe kandi ngo byaratangiye nta nkomyi.
Akilimali Charles, akora ku kigo Nderabuzima cya Gacuba ya 2 akaba akuriye ishami rigendanye no kwita kubafite ibibazo by‘indwara zo mu mutwe. Kimwe n’ushinzwe imibereho myiza mu Murenge, avuga ko bakomeje kwita ku bafite ibyo bibazo, gusa akavuga ko atari benshi ku buryo byatuma hacika igikuba.
Agira ati “Twagiye twakira abantu mu byiciro bitandukanye bafite ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe, tukaba tubaha inama z’uburyo bashobora gusohoka muri ibyo bibazo byagiye biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ubuzima baba bari barimo: Twavuga nk’ubukene, amakimbirane yo mu ngo, tutibagiwe n’intambara imaze igihe ibera mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi, umuntu atapfa guhisha uruhare rwayo, mu gutuma havuka ibibazo bigendanye n’ubuzima bw’indwara zo mu mutwe.”
Ku rundi ruhande, avuga ko muri rusange abahuye n’ibibazo bigendanye n’ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe bakiriye bageze ku kigo Nderabuzima ari 89, barimo 37 b’igitsinagabo 52 b’igitsinagore, muri bo hakaba hagaragaramo abana 19.
Ushinzwe ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe mu bitaro bya Gisenyi Madame Godeberita Uwizeyimana, avuga ko nk’umukozi w’ibitaro atahamya cyangwa ngo ahakane ko hari abantu bagizweho ingaruka n’intambara yo muri Congo, bikaba byabakururira ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe. Agira ati “Mu by’ukuri kubyemeza cyangwa se kubihakana biragoye, cyane ko abo twakira, ari abarwayi bamaze kugaragaza ibimenyetso, mu gihe hari abandi bakomeza kubana nabyo mu miryango. Cyakora ndahamya ko nkurikije ibibazo abantu bagiye bahura nabyo, bitewe ahanini n’iriya ntambara yo muri Congo, nta kabuza ko bahari.”
Akomeza agira ati “Hari ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa n’ikigo kigenga, bwari bugamije kureba ibibazo n’ingaruka byaba byaratewe n’ibibazo by’umugenzi wa Sebeya wuzuye ugasenyera abantu, ibiterwa n’amakimbirane mu miryango, ibiterwa n’imibibereho y’abaturage muri rusange, bataretse n’ibyaba byaratewe n’intambara yo muri Congo. Iyo Raporo hari ibyo yagaragaje.”
Avuga ko ibibazo by’ihungabana ryatewe n’intambara yo muri Congo, ko ntawabirenza ingohe kandi hari benshi bahinduriwe ubuzima nk’abakoraga ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka cyangwa se abacururizagayo bakoresha inguzanyo za banki z’i Goma bibaza uko bazishyura.
Kubimureba avuga ko hari umuntu azi wari usanganywe ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe, waje gukomeretswa n’igisasu cyavuye muri Congo we n’umubyeyi we, bakaba bakiri kwivuza, Guhungabana kwe kukaba kwariyongereye.
Uburwayi bugoye kwemeza cyangwa guhakana
Kuri ibi by’abafite ibibazo bigendanye n’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rubavu Prosper Murindwa, avuga ko nta bushakashatsi burakorwa, ngo bugaragaze ko hari abashobora kuba bafite ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe bikomotse ku ntambara cyangwa se amakimbirane amaze igihe muri RDC.
Cyakora avuga ko muri rusange ibyo bibazo biriho, ari nayo mpamvu mu mavuriro no mu bitaro hashyizweho abakozi babikurikiranira hafi.
Agira ati “Nta bushakashatsi burakorwa ngo hamenyekane niba koko hari abafite ibibazo bigendanye n’indwara zo mu mutwe byaba bifitanye isano n’intambara yaberaga muri RDC. Gusa ibibazo nk’ibyo birasanzwe, ari nayo mp,amvu ku bigo Nderabuzima no ku bitaro tuba dufite yo abakozi babishinzwe by’umwihariko, kugira ngo barusheho gufasha abaza babagana.”
Cyakora n’ubwo bwose avuga ko nta bushakashatsi burakorwa bugaragaza ko abagizweho ingaruka n’intambara yo muri RDC, ku buryo bahura n’ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe, abaturage baganiriye n’ikinyamakuru IGISABO ndetse na bamwe mu banyabuzima, birinze ko bafatwa majwi n’amashusho, bahamya ko icyo kibazo kiyongereye kurushaho muri iyi myaka ishize hari intambara ihuza ingabo za FARDC n’umutwe wa M23.
Abahanga bavuga ko uburwayi bwo mu mutwe ari uburyo umuntu atekereza, abyitwaramo, akumva n’uburyo abasha guhangana n’ibibazo by’ubuzima n’iby’imibereho. Ni uburyo kandi umutwe w’umuntu ukora mu buryo bwo kumva no kugenzura, amarangamutima, imitekerereze, imyitwarire n’imibanire n’abandi.
Bimwe mu bimenyetso biranga ibyo bibazo byo mu mutwe hakabamo nko kwiheba, guhangayika, kubura ibitotsi, kwigunga cyangwa se indi myitwarire itari isanzwe, bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka mu buzima bwe busanzwe.
Uburwayi bwo mu mutwe si umugani
Imibare itangazwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu kita ku buzima RBC ku bigendanye n’ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe mu mwaka w’2024, igaragaza ko agahinda gakabije (Depression), kari kuri 12.0%, ihungabana ry’iterabwoba (panic disorder) ari 8.1%, ihungabana riterwa n’ibyabaye (PTSD) rikaza kuri 3.6%.
Iyi raporo igaragaza kandi ko ibibazo bigendanye n’indwara zo mu mutwe byagaragaye cyane mu bagore bari kuri 23.2%, mu gihe abagabo ari 16.6 %.
Ku bigendanye n’ibitangazwa n’ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima OMS/WHO naryo ryemeza ko ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe ari ikibazo cyatangiye kugaragara mu Rwanda biturutse ahanini ku bibazo byatewe na Jenoside yakorwe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Iryo shami rivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2022, u Rwanda rwari rufite abarwayi bagaragaje ibimenyetso bw’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bangana na 96,357 mu mezi umunani ya mbere y’uwo mwaka, bakaba bari biyongereyeho 29.6%, ugereranyije n’umwaka wari wabanje wa 2021.
Muri izo Raporo kandi zitandukanye zagiye zikorwa, hagaragajwe ko Abanyarwanda badafata ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe nk’indwara zishobora kuvurwa ngo zikire, bitewe ahanini n’umuco wa cyera wo kuzisuzugura, kudaha agaciro abahuye nazo n’ubumenyi buke kuri zo, kuko n’ubwo hari abihutira kugerageza gushaka ubufasha bwo kwa muganga, ngo haba hari n’abakibirebera mu ndorerwamu y’amarozi.
Raporo yakozwe na Leta y’u Rwanda n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima OMS/WHO, ivuga ko bakomeje gukora ibishoboka byose, hagamijwe kugira ngo havugururwe gahunda yo kwita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, birimo kwegereza abaturage serivise z’Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe binyuze mu bigo Nderabuzima.
Edouard Niyonkuru